[explained]s1.Dreams(꿈의 기억)

explained the mind season1 2. Dreams
생각보다 스크립트 따라치는게 오래걸려서 미뤄지고 있다.. 
절반한 내용먼저 올려놓기! 10분 20초정도 까지 한 것 같다. 

word파일에는 스크립트 내 헷갈린 단어가 표시되어 있고, 따로 단어를 정리한 파일이 있다.
단어의 경우 귀찮아서 그냥 네이버사전에서 검색해 정리했다.

혹시나 오타를 발견하시는 분은 알려주세요

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[explained]season1

02. Dreams (꿈의 기억)

 

This is a video of a dream. One created by a computer. It recorded the brain patterns of people when they were awake and looking at hundreds of different pictures. When those people were asleep, the program tried to reverse-engineer their brain patterns back into images. When the subjects awoke, many of their descriptions matched. One said they saw a hall with female figures in it. Another reported seeing a page covered in writing. This experiment was just the latest attempt to catch a glimpse of the dream world.

For thousands of years, humans have seen dreams as mystical, or as some kind of window into our deeper selves. They’ve reportedly inspired great literature, like Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Scientific breakthroughs, like the arrangement of the periodic table of elements and hits like the Rolling Stones’ “(I Can’t Get No) Satisfaction.”

 

I actually dreamt the damn thing.

But hearing about other people’s dreams can be really boring.

 

If I go to a party and tell someone, I study dreams, almost without exception the next eight words out of their mouth are “Oh, I had the most amazing dream.” And then they tell me this really stupid, uninteresting dream.

 

Do our dreams have any meaning or serve any purpose? Why do we dream?

 

Oh, I’ve never had a dream like that before. Our dreams are constructed entirely from our memories.

It’s a dream they dreamed of sailing that beautiful sea.

Sometimes when I eat a lot of cheese, I dream a lot.

That was a dream, I think, but at the same time, it seemed so real.

And when she awoke, she realized it was all a dream.

 

In this Salvador Dali masterpiece, a woman is woken by a passing bee, and her brain makes up an elaborate dream to explain the buzz and the sting: roaring tigers and the stab of a bayonet. Dali loved dreams. He said his best ideas came from them. And this particular painting, Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Waking, reflected a common view of dreams in 1944.

But they didn’t actually happen during sleep.

 

When you woke up, the entire dream happened in that moment of awakening. And we now know that that’s not the case.

 

Before we fall asleep, our brains are a mess of chattering neurons. And all that electrical activity creates chaotic electromagnetic waves.

 

Kind of like there’s wind on the surface of the water, a lot of little white caps.

 

As we fall asleep, and as we lose consciousness, it’s like the wind has quieted down and you see the undulating waves beneath it. Activity all across the brain decreases dramatically.

 

If you wake people up out of this state and ask them what they were thinking, they’ll say, “Nothing, let me go back to sleep.”

 

But then, an hour and a half later, something odd happens. The brain roars back to life.

 

Our brain waves look exactly like we’re awake. Neurons are talking to each other, sending out signals to move and speak and jump.

 

But a tiny area of our brain stem called the pons stops us from moving around. Our bodies are temporarily paralyzed except for our eyes.

 

That’s called rapid eye movement sleep.

 

In rare cases, that spot in the brain stem malfunctions with pretty scary results.

But the comedian Mike Birbiglia has turned it into a regular joke.

 

This is a real sleep disorder that you suffer from where you physically act out your dreams.

Yeah, it’s called REM behavior disorder, which means I sleep in a sleeping bag up to my neck and I wear mittens so I can’t open the sleeping bag.

 

But for most people, only the eyes act out their dreams.

 

If they were dreaming that they were watching a tennis game, their eyes will go back and forth and back and forth, and if they were dreaming that they were climbing stairs, your eyes will go up, up, up, up.

 

We don’t make up our dreams in the moment of awakening, we experience them as we sleep.

 

The brain in REM sleep looks uniquely different from any other time in our day or night.

 

One area of the brain that’s off is the logical judgement filter. So that’s probably why our dreams are so bizarre and don’t make any sense.

 

And the entire emotional part of the brain lights up like a fire even now more active than during waking. So, it looks when we’re in REM sleep, the emotional brain is cranked up and the reasoning brain is cranked down, and that’s certainly how our dreams tend to feel.

 

It looks like we spend about a fifth of the time we sleep dreaming. But most of those dreams are forgotten.

 

When people asked me, “How can I remember my dreams?” I say drink three large glasses of water before you go to bed. If they do, they’re going to wake up multiple times during the night and they’ll discover that they do remember dreams.

 

But It’s still hard because during sleep, we have much lower levels of norepinephrine. That’s a chemical messenger that causes us to feel awake and alert. And in the brain, it helps us from memories. Our levels of another chemical, serotonin, plummet too.

 

And it looks like that when serotonin release is shut off, it biases the brain to think that whatever it’s observing, whatever it’s connecting, is important.

 

When we wake, we’re left with a hazy impression of something profound.

 

And we see this across thousands of years of history. We see this across hundreds of cultures.

 

These clay cylinders are the oldest surviving record of a dream, on from a Mesopotamian ruler. The ruler exclaims “Profound things came suddenly to me, but the meaning,,, I do not understand. Well, I have to tell her about this.” His dreams interpreter explains that a god is telling him to build this temple.

 

Go back a couple thousand years. There was sort of unanimous agreement that dreams were messages from the gods. They were portents, they were warnings, they were instructions.

 

Many ancient civilizations created hug manuals to decipher them, like this one, written in Egypt 3,000 years ago. It proclaimed, “if a man sees himself in a dream baring his own bottom, it means that he will be poor in the end.” In ancient Egyptian, the word for “bottom” and “end” sounds the same. Puns were a big part of dream interpretation in Egypt. In the 2nd Century A.D., a man named Artemidorus became the first real dream researcher. His dream guide was based on scores of interviews from all over the Roman Empire. The belly button pretends the death of your parents. If a widow dreams she has a beard, she’ll get a second husband. Cakes without cheese are good. Cake with cheese signify deceit.

The specific meanings changed over time, but the belief that there was meaning held for hundreds of years. Then, in the late 1600s, European scholars started to look down their noses at dream interpretation. The British philosopher John Locke, called dreams “incoherent., frivolous,” and “irrational.” But the reign of Queen Victoria, it was a popular belief that eating certain foods and the resulting indigestion caused the wildest dreams. In a Christmas Carol, when Scrooge sees an apparition of his former business partner, he says, “You may be an undigested bit of beef, a fragment of underdone potato.”

In 1899, two books were published that would change the study of dreams. One was by Santiago Ramon y Cajal, the father of modern neuroscience. His book spelled out the idea that neurons were the basic units of the nervous system. Experiments by other scientists showed that these neurons communicate, using electrical signals. In the 1930s, one surgeon zapped the exposed brains of patients with electricity, and they experienced sudden visions.

 

You are about to hear the actual words of patients in response to this stimulus. 

Now I see them, they’re laughing.

I hear children’s voices.

I see the whole thing. A guy coming through the fence at a baseball game.

 

Some scientists still believe dreams are like this, random electrical storms in our sleeping brains that created equally random and essentially meaningless visions.

But the other book, The Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud, claimed that dreams were so much more.

Dream images were “disguised representations” of our innermost desires.

A lot of these symbols were sexual: climbing stairs, swords, suitcases, sticks, tearing branches off trees, chapels, balloons, a woman’s hat, fish, fountains, reptiles, airplanes, any complicated machine, and the number 8.

 

One of Freud’s earliest supporters, Carl Jung, also believed dreams were messages from the subconscious, but they weren’t all about sex.

Instead, they contained characters that represented aspects of our inner lives: Anxiety, purity, wisdom.

 

In getting away from the concept that dreams were from the gods or that dreams reflected stomach ailments, that was all progress.

 

But the theory that symbols and dreams have universal meanings is rejected by most scientists today. Still Freud and Jung had started a movement. Dreams were once again interesting.

 

In 1933, copies of The Interpretation of Dreams lay burning in Nazi bonfires like hundreds of other books by Jewish authors. That same year, German journalist Charlotte Beradt began to secretly collect the dreams of her fellow citizens. They were full of corpses and torture. Household items like ovens and lamps betrayed their owners to the Nazis. The protective walls of houses vanished into thin air. Dreams that now seem tragically prophetic. In the decades since, researchers have meticulously compiled thousands and thousands of dreams in dozens of countries, and they notice some patterns. Dreams of being chased, of having sex.